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1.
Ain Uddin Kyle N. Plunkett 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2020,58(22):3165-3169
A series of donor-acceptor copolymers with dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene and dicyclopenta[cd,lm]perylene acceptor units was prepared via palladium catalyzed cyclopenta-annulation reactions. The acceptor units were paired with diethynyl containing donor groups based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, and 4-octyl-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole to create six polymer variants. The cyclopentannulation polymerization resulted in copolymers with molecular weights (Mn) of 6–14 kDa and broad light absorption in the visible region with band gaps of 1.38–1.85 eV. The synthetic methodology, as well as optoelectronic properties, including thin-film absorption and cyclic voltammetry, of the donor-acceptor copolymers are presented. 相似文献
2.
The total synthesis of an alkylcitrate secondary metabolite from the fungi Trichoderma viride is described. An ester dienolate [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement and a S. Julia-Kocienski olefination served as key C/C-connecting transformations. The highly convergent synthesis consists of a longest linear sequence of 17 steps. 相似文献
3.
Ernesto Quesada 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(25):4877-4881
The first syntheses of newly isolated members of the Preussomerin family, Preussomerins K and L, are reported. Key steps include the functionalisation of a 2-arylacetal anion, one-pot Friedel-Crafts cyclisation-deprotection and reductive opening of epoxides. 相似文献
4.
Solving large scale linear systems efficiently plays an important role in a petroleum reservoir simulator, and the key part is how to choose an effective parallel preconditioner. Properly choosing a good preconditioner has been beyond the pure algebraic field. An integrated preconditioner should include such components as physical background, characteristics of PDE mathematical model, nonlinear solving method, linear 相似文献
5.
J. Giroire T. Ha‐Duong V. Moumas 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2005,28(13):1527-1552
This article deals with a boundary value problem for Laplace equation with a non‐linear and non‐local boundary condition. This problem comes from petroleum engineering and is used to obtain an estimation of well productivity. The non‐linear and non‐local boundary condition is written on the well boundary. On the outer reservoir boundaries, we have both Dirichlet and Neumann conditions. In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this problem. The existence is proved by Schauder theorem and the uniqueness is obtained under more restricted conditions, when the involved operator is a contraction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Tamal Sengupta 《Journal of luminescence》2004,106(1):31-38
Individual exciplex formation between various aromatic hydrocarbons, anthracene, pyrene, all-s-trans-1,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-diene and a heteroaromatic amine, 1,2-dimethylindole, was investigated by steady-state fluorescence and magnetic field effect (MFE). A comparative study was carried out with two other exciplex systems 9-cyanophenanthrene-1,2-dimethylindole and 9-cyanophenanthrene-N-methylindole. The extent of charge transfer and dielectric dependence of MFE reveals the potential role of specific interactions related to exciplex geometry. 相似文献
7.
8.
G. Price 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1996,1(2):57-66
National measurement systems are infrastructures to ensure, for each nation, a consistent and internationally recognised
basis for measurement. Such complex systems have historical, technical, legal, organisational and institutional aspects to
connect scientific metrology with practical measurements. Underlying any valid measurement is a chain of comparisons linking
the measurement to an accepted standard. The ways the links are forged and the etalons (measurement standards) to which they
connect are defining characteristics of all measurement systems. This is often referred to as traceability which aims at basing
measurements in common measurement units – a key issue for the integration of quantitative chemical analysis with the evolving
physical and engineering measurement systems. Adequate traceability and metrological control make possible new technical capabilities
and new levels of quality assurance and confidence by users in the accuracy and integrity of quantitative analytical results.
Traceability for chemical measurements is difficult to achieve and harder to demonstrate. The supply of appropriate etalons
is critical to the development of metrology systems for chemical analysis. An approach is suggested that involves the development
of networks of specialised reference laboratories able to make matrix-independent reference measurements on submitted samples,
which may then be used as reference materials by an originating laboratory using its practical measurement procedures.
Received: 31 July 1995 Accepted: 19 August 1995 相似文献
9.
基于GARCH模型的石油价格变动模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
石油是一种特殊的商品,是国家重要的战略物资,世界各国都十分重视其价格变动问题,因为油价变化会影响到各国经济发展,甚至国家安全。因此,本文采用GARCH模型,通过基于Gibbs抽样的MCMC方法分析了国际市场石油价格的分布特征,对石油价格波动的异方差特性进行描述和模拟,实证分析结果说明从石油价格波动序列峰度系数和平方价格波动序列自相关函数的描述来看,基于t分布的模型模拟效果优于基于正态分布的模型,这一结论反映了石油价格波动序列的分布特性。 相似文献
10.
Pirjo Sainio Irma Mäkinen Jaap-Willem Hutter Theo den Ouden Mikael Krysell 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2006,11(3):116-121
The international joint project HYCREF (Contract No. G6RD-CT-2002-00854), funded by the European Commission in the 5th Framework programme, aimed to develop methods to prepare homogeneous and stable reference materials of water, soil, and waste contaminated with mineral oil hydrocarbons and to certify the mineral oil content by gas chromatographic methods. The results of a feasibility study for the preparation of three soil reference materials are discussed in this paper, and for the preparation of three waste reference materials in the second part (Koch et al., Accred Qual Assur submitted for publication). The soil materials were selected to represent different soil types and contamination levels. The project plan set three requirements for these reference materials: uncertainty in the mineral oil content resulting from the certification exercise <5%, a sample inhomogeneity of <3% and a minimum long-term stability of 5 years. For the most part, these requirements were met within this project. 相似文献